Key references. Beta blockers.

Beta-blockers.

Beta-adrenergic blockers.

beta-Adrenergic blocking drugs have been available for several years to treat ischemic heart disease and other cardiovascular and noncardiovascular disorders. There are multiple drugs in this class with various pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties that may be important in specific clinical situations and in avoiding certain adverse reactions. These drugs have been shown to be efficaci...

Beta-blockers for hypertension

BACKGROUND Beta-blockers refer to a mixed group of drugs with diverse pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. They have shown long-term beneficial effects on mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) when used in people with heart failure or acute myocardial infarction. Beta-blockers were thought to have similar beneficial effects when used as first-line therapy for hypertension. Howev...

Update on beta blockers.

Beta adrenergic blockers have been one of the most prescribed category of drugs during the past 15 years. Recently, many new beta blockers have been introduced because they have unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that benefit patients. The purpose of this article is to review the pharmacological properties and clinical uses of beta blockers. The latter part of this review wil...

Beta-blockers and asthma.

In a single-blind, randomised, crossover study in 10 asthmatic patients, the effects of approximately equipotent oral doses of 3 cardioselective beta-blockers-atenolol (100 mg), metoprolol (100 mg), and acebutolol (300 mg)-and 4 non-cardioselective beta-blockers-proranolol (100 mg), oxprenolol (100 mg), pindolol (5 mg), and timolol (10 mg) upon FEV1 were compared. All drugs, except pindolol, pr...